Background

Echogen Power Systems (EPS) has developed a breakthrough power generation cycle for waste heat recovery; the Thermafficient® Waste Heat Engine creates a power generating cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as the working fluid. The unique properties of ScCO2 as a working fluid differentiate the Echogen technology in cost, footprint and performance.

Technology Benefits:

Echogen's Thermafficient® system is unique in several respects. First, it provides a solid value proposition in a broad system size range and is scalable from 250kWe to 45MWe and above net electrical output. Initial commercial unit for utility scale is a nominal 6MWe (6MWe - 8MWe+ system). Second, the power generating cycle is applicable across a diverse range of applications from industrial waste heat recovery to utility-scale solar thermal. Compared to organic and steam-based Rankine Cycle systems, the ScCO2 cycle can achieve efficiencies up to 30% from a wider temperature range, with reduced component sizes resulting in a smaller system footprint and favorable project economics.

Due to its use of ScCO2 as the working fluid, the Echogen heat engine is able to:

• Generate electricity from waste heat without burning fuel or producing the resultant emissions;
• Operate across a broad temperature range of heat sources from 400°F to >1000°F;
• Achieve efficiencies above 30% depending on waste heat source;

• Safely utilize the ScCO2 working fluid in a heat exchanger directly into the waste heat stream (due to its thermal stability);
• Be readily scalable to 45 MWe systems and above, and
• Use system components a fraction of the size of conventional technologies, yielding a smaller system footprint and easier installation.

Applications

Applications of Echogen's Thermafficient® Waste Heat Recovery System include power generation and large energy consumers in the Industrial sector with waste heat recovery opportunities found in their respective steam generating and direct-fired heating processes (e.g., furnaces, kilns, etc.). Prospective Industrial customer groups include chemical processing, petroleum refining, iron, steel, etc., typically operating with large sources of energy loss from hot exhaust gases and residual heat in liquid product streams. Waste heat reduction and recovery represents the greatest opportunity for reducing energy loss in these industries. Similar opportunities exist in Power Generation facilities (e.g., increase net generation by as much as 30% on simple cycle gas turbines, waste heat recovery for incremental power generation in concert with environmental retrofits, etc.). Partnerships with Utilities can include cooperative deployment of Echogen's system at Industrial plants within a Utility's service district as part of their Energy Efficiency Programs and compliance with local or State Renewable Portfolio Standards.

Significant value for these applications include:

• Reduced power purchase requirements (reliance on grid delivered power) for Industrial applications
• On-site generation at Industrial sites as part of a Distributed Generation program for Utilities
• Reduced fuel consumption from self power generating facilities, with a reduction in emissions resulting from reduced fuel consumption
• Increase the capacity of existing permitted power generation assets without an increase in emissions

• Offset new energy demand with recovered energy, reducing increases in associated greenhouse emissions by improving overall energy production efficiency
• Reduce the Levelized Cost of Electricity for energy-intensive manufacturers across all economic sectors to improve their operating efficiency and bottom line performance

Aftermarket Support

Echogen Power Systems will offer Long Term Service Agreements (LTSA) for installed systems, providing "after-sale" value that includes:

• Single source for all maintenance and service that may be required
• Predictable maintenance expense
• Reliable operations over the life cycle of the equipment

Build-Own-Operate Considerations

For Capital constrained customers, Echogen Power Systems will consider installation of the Thermafficient® Heat Recovery System at its' cost subject to a power purchase arrangement with the end user. This adds significant value to the customer, including:

• Minimal Capital expenditure; only cost will be in-kind labor during installation & check-out and/or site work that may include tie-ins or relocation of existing equipment
• Reliable power source from within their facility; reducing dependence on grid delivered power

• Cost of power from EPS at competitive prices
• Reduced carbon footprint of operation; plant is able to meet power requirements with less purchased power or incremental fossil fuel usage if self generating power.